Health Guidance

An examination of specimen to detect specific drug presence or to determine prior drug abuse is known as drug test. Several methods have been developed to trace drug presence. Among those Hair and Saliva drug testing methods have emerged rapidly and accepted widely throughout the world.

Characteristics Of Hair Drug Testing And Saliva Drug Testing

Hair drug testing method is usually preferred in forensic studies due to its highly accurate results and many organizations use hair drug testing to find drug abuse for longer periods. Saliva drug testing is used in businesses, schools and in sports as results can be obtained immediately and due to its portability.

Hair drug testing and Saliva drug testing methods, both are donor friendly and difficult to adulterate. However, they have specific characteristics in respect of applications of usage.

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Drug tests are conducted to find out whether a person has abused illicit drugs or not. Drug tests are increasingly becoming compulsory at many work places. People always look towards the ways to pass the drug tests. They may look at a household product or homemade solutions, or whether they need to go through a Napolitano newborn’s screening. Drug tests are now a norm particularly when seeking employment. Often, if a person does not clear the drug testing it can lead to disqualifying for a job.

What are the Methods for Testing the Drug Abuse?

There are four primary types of testing the drug abuse by taking the samples: Urine, Hair, Saliva, and Blood. Most common is the urine test which has the benefit of being inexpensive and less intrusive than the blood test. The following information gives about the methods which are followed by the drug abusers to pass a drug test.

Method #1 – Urine Tests

· They are the least expensive of the test methods

· They can be done at home (for example by parents)

· They detect use primarily within the past week (longer with regular use)

· They can be affected by abstaining from use for a period of time before the test

· They are often temperature tested to insure sample integrity

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A drug test is a technical examination of urine, semen, blood, sweat or oral fluid samples to determine the presence or absence of specified drugs. Drug testing kits are efficient and effective at screening drug use. Most of the companies are getting all the tests approved from FDA and strictly adhere to SAMSHA cut off levels for drug detection. The tests have remarkable accuracy of 95% to 98%, which you can get better results. Drug testing kit is a self test product which you can use at your home.

Benefits:
There are many benefits of using drug testing kits instead of getting tested at traditional laboratories, which are as follows-

• Drug testing kit avoids the trouble of visiting clinics and saves time from waiting for a long time for reports.

• Test kits are designed such that the testing procedures are very simple.

• It is easy to use without requiring help from anyone.

• It provides quick and accurate results.

• It can be purchased through internet or phone call.

• Test kits are delivered at your door steps.

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Swab drug test is conducted to check for the drug abuse or the presence of alcohol in a sample. It is very easy to perform and it gives out accurate results almost at any place. It is so accurate that it reduces the risk of repeating the test. This test is just a single step process, which is very simple and any one can perform this test at any place according to the convenience.

• Prior to the test:
One has to be very carefull in conducting the swap drug test. In order to attain the accurate test result, the person who is about to undergo test is advised not to eat, smoke or drink for at least 10 minutes before performing the test. If the donor has had something, he has to wait for 10 minutes to give the sample for the test for accurate results.

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Drug abuse, involves the excessive and repeated use of a substance to escape reality to produce pleasure despite its destructive effects. The substances abused can be illegal drugs such as opium, cocaine, marijuana and their derivatives or legal substances used improperly, such as prescription drugs and inhalants like nail polish or gasoline.

Drug addiction can be physical, psychological, or both. Physical dependence refers to the physiological effects of drug use. On the other hand, using a drug to numb unpleasant feelings, to relax, or to satisfy cravings are examples of psychological addiction. Physical addiction is characterized by ‘tolerance’ – the need for increasingly larger doses in order to achieve the initial effect and withdrawal symptoms when the user stops.

Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse: -

The more drug use begins to affect and control a person’s life, the more likely it is that he or she has a drug problem. Drug abusers often try to conceal their symptoms and downplay their problem. However, there are a number of warning signs you can look for:

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Prescription drug abuse is becoming a major problem next only to marijuana abuse. One of the main reasons for the growth of prescription drug abuse is the easy availability of the medications over the counter from a drug store, from a doctor or through online pharmaceuticals. It is becoming easier mainly to youngsters to access narcotic medications like tranquilizers and stimulants, in which the abuse is rapidly growing. Some of the facts about prescription drug abuse are as follows-

• A considerable number of people are abusing prescription drugs. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, an estimated 48 million people (20%) who are aged 12 and above of US population have used prescription drugs for non-medical purposes or reasons.

• According to SAMSHA, non-medical use of prescription-type drugs among young adults increased from 5.4 percent in 2002 to 6.4 percent in 2006. This was primarily due to an increase in the rate of pain relievers’ usage, which was 4.1 percent in 2002 and 4.9 percent in 2006.

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Alcohol consumption can lead to dire consequences, not just from a legal perspective but also in the physical effects it causes. If a police officer suspects DUI then an Alcohol Testing is mandatory. If BAC levels show up as 0.08 or more, then it is termed as a “drunk” state. In such a condition, various debilitating physical effects are noted. Here we examine some of them.

Hampered peripheral vision

When you consume alcohol, your eyes lose their inability to focus. Aspects like being able to perceive depth of an object become increasingly difficult. Alcohol works to relax the surrounding eye muscles and the more the concentration of BAC the more your vision gets affected. The result is that you would tend to focus on the center of the road and neglect the peripheral view. In other words, your field of vision gets narrowed down. As you are unable to focus on specific objects, you are also unable to judge the speed of approaching vehicles.
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Many types of drug testing techniques are available for detecting drug abuse. Urinalysis is one of the most commonly used urine based drug testing as it is a simple technique, and less expensive. Urine drug testing has been popular and employed successfully for testing drugs across the organizations, schools, at home etc.

Drugs tested
Laboratory urine drug testing detects the presence of many drugs with accurate results. This drug testing can detect maximum of 10 most commonly used drugs at once. It detects the parent drug or its metabolites by demonstrating recent use of prescription medications like opioids, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, barbiturates and illegal substances like heroin, illicit cocaine, marijuana, phencyclidine (PCP). This test is used as a screening tool to determine the prior use and concentrations of drugs present in the body.

Procedure followed
For laboratory urine drug test, collection and testing urine specimen is done under the presence of an authorized person. After this, tests are conducted on collected specimen for detection of drug tests by immunoassay screen followed by GS-MS confirmation test. Chemical highlighted test strip is used for this test. The test strip should be examined carefully with the help of lab testing devices depending upon the types of substances to be detected.

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THC (Tetrahydrocannibinol) is an active component in marijuana, which is commonly ingested by smoking and can also be eaten. It is the drug which is commonly a choice of teenagers and young adults. Low concentrations of THC persist in urine at a detectable concentration for many days after smoking. It is a common recreational drug of abuse. It is a hallucinogenic agent derived from the leaves, flowers or seeds of the hemp plant. Usually, the production and curing of the marijuana plant into its useable form closely resembles that of tobacco.

What is THC?

THC is an abbreviation for Tetrahydrocannibinol, which is the substance found in marijuana. As the active ingredient in cannabis, THC is what causes the pleasurable sensations those who take marijuana describe.

Signs of THC Marijuana Abuse and Addiction

A person who is high on marijuana exhibits tell-tale symptoms like, loud talking and laughter, sleepiness, distorted sense of time intervals and forgetfulness. Marijuana addicts are often focused on the drug at all times. Its warning signs include dependence, uncontrollable urge to use the drug, and mental fixation on the drug despite all the consequences associated with it.

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The Department Of Transportation (DOT) has issued new rules for drug and alcohol testing, for all the transportation employers and safety-sensitive transportation employees. This new regulation was designed to prevent accidents and property damage that are caused by the misuse of drug and alcohol by the drivers. DOT has provided certain rules on how to conduct these tests, what is the process of testing and who to conduct these tests. These rules cover the employees of State and Local government who are required to have a Commercial driving License (CDL).

Education and Training of Drug Testing

Every company has to provide the educational materials for their drivers, which explains the requirements and policies for testing drug and alcohol ingestion regulations. According to the Sec.382.601 (b), the educational materials should include the following discussions.

· Personal identity of the drivers designated by the employer to answer the questions regarding the material.

· Requirements of the drivers, subject to the misuse of alcohol and controlled substance requirements.

· Explanation of safety-sensitive function to understand the period of workday that is required for the drivers to be in compliance.

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